{"id":22510,"date":"2025-04-04T10:15:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gurit.com\/lingenierie-des-composites-pour-une-performance-aerienne\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T15:41:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T13:41:09","slug":"lingenierie-des-composites-pour-une-performance-aerienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gurit.com\/fr\/lingenierie-des-composites-pour-une-performance-aerienne\/","title":{"rendered":"L’ING\u00c9NIERIE DES COMPOSITES POUR UNE PERFORMANCE A\u00c9RIENNE"},"content":{"rendered":"

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L’ING\u00c9NIERIE DES COMPOSITES POUR UNE PERFORMANCE A\u00c9RIENNE<\/h1>\n

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Lorsque le mot \u00ab\u00a0foiling\u00a0\u00bb est apparu dans les conversations il y a dix ans, c’est avec un regard \u00e9merveill\u00e9 que les gens ont parl\u00e9 de la Coupe de l’America et des AC72 qui ont bris\u00e9 le moule de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement historique. Les bateaux naviguaient vite et \u00e0 la limite, les marins portaient des casques, de l’air de secours et des filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. On est loin de l’\u00e9poque de Thomas Lipton, des cols, des cravates et de la pipe. Aujourd’hui, le foiling n’est pas seulement une approche accept\u00e9e (m\u00eame si elle reste quelque peu aventureuse) de la voile ; il a \u00e9galement fait son chemin dans le domaine des bateaux \u00e0 moteur. Qu’est-ce qui, dans les hydropt\u00e8res, nous fascine et nous incite \u00e0 prendre part \u00e0 l’action, \u00e0 monter \u00e0 bord d’un bateau qui vole litt\u00e9ralement ? <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Un avion \u00e0 l’envers ?<\/h4>\n

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Les hydrofoils fonctionnent de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que les a\u00e9rofoils. Imaginez un avion \u00e0 l’envers, avec une grande aile de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9 (les ailes), un plus petit aileron \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re pour la stabilit\u00e9 et un gouvernail pour la direction. Les ailes, l’aileron et le gouvernail sont tous des foils. Il en va de m\u00eame pour les d\u00e9rives, les gouvernails et les quilles d’un bateau, qui ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 avec l’apparition des quilles pivotantes et du syst\u00e8me de stabilit\u00e9 dynamique. <\/p>\n

Mais ce qui a suscit\u00e9 le plus d’int\u00e9r\u00eat r\u00e9cemment dans le monde marin, ce sont les foils de levage.<\/p>\n

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La puissance des hydropt\u00e8res<\/h4>\n

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Un hydropt\u00e8re de sustentation est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une fine section reli\u00e9e \u00e0 la coque principale, ce qui permet de cr\u00e9er une diff\u00e9rence de pression entre les surfaces sup\u00e9rieure et inf\u00e9rieure, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une force de sustentation (et une force de tra\u00een\u00e9e) qui peut \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e pour am\u00e9liorer les performances. La coque principale semble alors \u00ab\u00a0voler\u00a0\u00bb au-dessus de la surface de l’eau. Les foils sont de conception, de forme et de taille diverses, en fonction du r\u00e9sultat recherch\u00e9. Toutefois, il existe en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral deux types de foils de sustentation : <\/p>\n

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  • <\/span>Per\u00e7age de surface – qui est autor\u00e9gul\u00e9 et con\u00e7u pour s’auto-centrer afin d’obtenir la performance souhait\u00e9e. Ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en forme de U <\/li>\n
  • <\/span>Enti\u00e8rement immerg\u00e9s – ce qui n\u00e9cessite l’intervention d’un op\u00e9rateur. Ils ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la forme d’un T ou d’un V. <\/li>\n
  • <\/span>Ou une combinaison des deux (comme l’International Moth).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Leur but est de r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9placement du bateau (et donc la r\u00e9sistance).<\/p>\n

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    Quel type de bateau peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d’un foil de levage ?<\/h4>\n

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    Les bateaux ayant un certain niveau de vitesse sont les mieux adapt\u00e9s aux foils, car ils ont besoin d’un flux pour fonctionner. Les AC72 qui ont r\u00e9gat\u00e9 en 2013 sont les coques \u00e0 foils les plus connues de notre \u00e9poque, mais les avantages ne se limitent pas aux voiliers de course de type F1. Les International Moths utilisaient des foils bien avant cette date et ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire conna\u00eetre le foiling au grand public. <\/p>\n

    Les catamarans de croisi\u00e8re peuvent se tourner vers les foils pour arriver plus rapidement \u00e0 destination, notamment en cas de mauvais temps.<\/p>\n

    Les nouveaux ferries \u00e9lectriques sont con\u00e7us pour \u00eatre assist\u00e9s par des foils. Cela leur permet d’atteindre la m\u00eame vitesse et la m\u00eame autonomie avec moins de batteries, qui sont lourdes et prennent de la place. <\/p>\n

    Et bien s\u00fbr, les foils sont d\u00e9sormais pr\u00e9sents sur toute une gamme d’\u00e9quipements de sports nautiques tels que les paddleboards, les jetskis et les wingfoils.<\/p>\n

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    D\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever<\/h4>\n

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    Il y a cependant des consid\u00e9rations \u00e0 prendre en compte lors de la conception d’un navire \u00e0 foils.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • <\/span>Le co\u00fbt, le poids et l’espace int\u00e9rieur requis pour le syst\u00e8me de film peuvent \u00eatre prohibitifs pour le projet.<\/li>\n
    • <\/span>Frapper un objet immerg\u00e9 avec un fleuret aura un impact plus important et un r\u00e9sultat plus significatif qu’en l’absence de fleuret.<\/li>\n
    • <\/span>Lorsque la coque d’un bateau \u00e0 moteur se soul\u00e8ve, les h\u00e9lices se soul\u00e8vent \u00e9galement, ce qui produit l’effet inverse et ralentit le bateau.<\/li>\n
    • <\/span>Le tirant d’eau et les op\u00e9rations dans les ports, ainsi que le transport sur des remorques, peuvent \u00eatre affect\u00e9s.<\/li>\n
    • <\/span>Plus la section de la feuille est fine, plus l’efficacit\u00e9 est grande, mais plus les contraintes sur la feuille sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons constat\u00e9 une augmentation de la demande de navires \u00e0 foils au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Non seulement pour les voiliers de performance, mais aussi pour les bateaux \u00e0 moteur et les navires commerciaux. Ces types de bateaux ne recherchent pas n\u00e9cessairement la vitesse, mais souvent une r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts de diesel ou une r\u00e9duction du nombre de batteries qu’ils transportent\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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      Tony Stanton, directeur de l’ing\u00e9nierie – Gurit Asia Pacific<\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||-60px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

      L’avantage du composite<\/h4>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.gurit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/malizia-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbmalizia\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

      La beaut\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux composites r\u00e9side dans leur polyvalence et dans la possibilit\u00e9 de concevoir une pi\u00e8ce qui r\u00e9ponde aux crit\u00e8res exacts. Les ing\u00e9nieurs de Gurit peuvent aider les ma\u00eetres d’ouvrage et les chefs de projet \u00e0 surmonter ce qui se pr\u00e9sente initialement comme des limitations et \u00e0 obtenir l’avantage en termes de performances des feuilles qu’ils recherchent. <\/p>\n

      Qu’il s’agisse d’un voilier performant souhaitant aller aussi vite que possible avec une source d’\u00e9nergie tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e (le vent) ou d’un ferry \u00e9lectrique voulant atteindre une certaine vitesse de transit avec une quantit\u00e9 minimale d’\u00e9nergie install\u00e9e, il est essentiel de maintenir le poids total de la plate-forme \u00e0 un niveau bas.<\/p>\n

      Le poids, la r\u00e9sistance et la formabilit\u00e9 jouent un r\u00f4le important dans le succ\u00e8s d’un hydropt\u00e8re, et c’est pourquoi la fibre de carbone est souvent la solution. Moins de poids signifie moins de force verticale et moins de tra\u00een\u00e9e. Les mat\u00e9riaux modernes permettent de r\u00e9aliser ces avanc\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de conception. <\/p>\n

      Dans les travaux r\u00e9cents de Gurit sur la derni\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de projets IMOCA*, cette technologie passe au niveau sup\u00e9rieur et ces bateaux repoussent les limites en termes de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie et de performance des foils. Les le\u00e7ons apprises sur les circuits de course sont appliqu\u00e9es aux bateaux \u00e0 moteur commerciaux et de plaisance, y compris plusieurs navires passionnants actuellement en cours de conception, dot\u00e9s de foils de levage en carbone pour am\u00e9liorer l’efficacit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

      Des navires tels que le Chase Zero d’ETNZ, pour lequel Gurit a fourni des mat\u00e9riaux et des services d’ing\u00e9nierie structurelle, ouvrent les portes d’un nouveau monde passionnant pour les bateaux commerciaux et de plaisance, un monde dans lequel le bateau fonctionne avec une demande de puissance minimale tout en volant calmement et sans \u00e0-coups au-dessus des vagues de l’oc\u00e9an.<\/p>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.gurit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ETNZ_JS_220427_CHASE_O_0023-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbETNZ_JS_220427_CHASE_O_0023″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00a0\u00bbpost_content\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

      Cr\u00e9dit : <\/span>Emirates Team New Zealand, Antoine Auriol,
      Gurit archives<\/p>\n

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      L’hydropt\u00e8re, autrefois r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux voiliers de course de haute performance, est aujourd’hui adopt\u00e9 par un large \u00e9ventail de navires, car les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans le domaine des mat\u00e9riaux composites et de la conception des foils permettent non seulement d’augmenter la vitesse, mais aussi d’am\u00e9liorer l’efficacit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9duire les besoins en \u00e9nergie pour les applications commerciales et r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles"],"yoast_head":"\nL'ING\u00c9NIERIE DES COMPOSITES POUR UNE PERFORMANCE A\u00c9RIENNE - Gurit.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gurit.com\/fr\/lingenierie-des-composites-pour-une-performance-aerienne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'ING\u00c9NIERIE DES COMPOSITES POUR UNE PERFORMANCE A\u00c9RIENNE - 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